Usually, the entire process is completed in two hours. [Quran 2:144][52] In 628 CE, Muhammad led a group of Muslims towards Mecca with the intention of performing the Umrah, but was prevented from doing so by the Quraysh. This is an early record from the Rashidun caliphate, of a Christian origin that explicitly mentions the Kaaba, and confirms the idea that not just the Arabs but certain Christians as well, associated the site with Abraham in the seventh century. Yasser a publié quelques photos sur son compte Instagram en décrivant brièvement les clichés. The Kaaba with the signature minarets. [23], The Qur'an contains several verses regarding the origin of the Kaaba. In 624 CE, Muslims believe the direction of the qibla was changed from the Masjid al-Aqsa to the Masjid al-Haram in Mecca, with the revelation of Surah 2, verse 144. [Quran 22:26–33], According to Islamic tradition, over the millennia after Ishmael's death, his progeny and the local tribes who settled around the Zamzam well gradually turned to polytheism and idolatry. La Kaaba (cube en arabe) est située à La Mecque, lieu saint de l'Islam, en Arabie saoudite.. C'est un édifice (15 mètres de haut et 12 mètres par 12 mètres au sol) construit en pierre de couleur grise.Aussi appelée par les musulmans « la maison de Dieu », elle est située au centre du lieu le plus sacré en islam : la mosquée Masjid el-Haram. 'Depiction') of Maryam and 'Isa. [80] Members of the tribe greet visitors to the inside of the Kaaba on the occasion of the cleaning ceremony. [38], Writing in the Encyclopedia of Islam, Wensinck identifies Mecca with a place called Macoraba mentioned by Ptolemy. Sur environ un km2. Verily, the first House (of worship) appointed for mankind was that at Bakkah (Makkah), full of blessing, and a guidance for mankind. Yasser Ahmad, a eu l’opportunité de pénétrer à l’intérieur de la Kaaba le samedi 30 mai 2015 à la Mecque. He did so on the basis of a tradition (found in several hadith collections) that the hatīm was a remnant of the foundations of the Abrahamic Kaaba, and that Muhammad himself had wished to rebuild it so as to include it. The Kaaba is the holiest site in Islam,[73] and is often called by names such as the Bayt Allah (Arabic: بيت الله‎, romanized: Bayt Allah, lit. In Samaritan literature, the Samaritan Book of the Secrets of Moses (Asatir) claims that Ishmael and his eldest son Nebaioth built the Kaaba as well as the city of Mecca. 'The Cube', Arabic pronunciation: ), also spelled Ka'bah or Kabah, sometimes referred to as al-Kaʿbah al-Musharrafah (Arabic: ٱلْكَعْبَة ٱلْمُشَرَّفَة ‎, romanized: al-Kaʿbah al-Musharrafah, lit. ['Ata'] said: "Yes, there was set in it a picture of Maryam adorned (muzawwaqan); in her lap, her son Isa sat adorned. [2] It is considered by Muslims to be the Bayt Allah (Arabic: بَيْت ٱللَّٰه‎, lit. [41] A recent study has revisited the arguments for Macoraba and found them unsatisfactory. The Kaaba has been repaired and reconstructed many times. [36] A hadith in Sahih al-Bukhari states that the Kaaba was the first masjid on Earth, and the second was the Temple in Jerusalem. Updates? Die struktuur self is bedek met ’n swart behangsel wat met goud versier is. After the construction was complete, God enjoined the descendants of Ishmael to perform an annual pilgrimage: the Hajj and the Korban, sacrifice of cattle. Muslims initially considered Jerusalem as their qibla, or prayer direction, and faced toward it while offering prayers; however, pilgrimage to the Kaaba was considered a religious duty though its rites were not yet finalized. Preparations for the washing start a day before the agreed date, with the mixing of Zamzam water with several luxurious perfumes including Tayef rose, 'oud and musk. Hajj pilgrims are generally advised to "make ṭawāf" at least twice – once as part of the Hajj, and again before leaving Mecca.[79]. Many Muslim and academic historians stress the power and importance of the pre-Islamic Mecca. 'Cleaning of the Sacred Cube'). Located in the eastern corner of the Kaaba is the Black Stone of Mecca, whose now-broken pieces are surrounded by a ring of stone and held together by a heavy silver band. Three pillars (some erroneously report two) stand inside the Kaaba, with a small altar or table set between one and the other two. C'est pourquoi il y a de la place. [82], Building at the center of Islam's most important mosque, the Masjid al-Haram, This article is about the Islamic holy site in Mecca. The section covering the geography starts with a speculation about the origin of the Muslim sanctuary in Arabia: "Regarding the K'bta (Kaaba) of Abraham, we have been unable to discover what it is except that, because the blessed Abraham grew rich in property and wanted to get away from the envy of the Canaanites, he chose to live in the distant and spacious parts of the desert. Indeed, it was no new thing for the Arabs to worship there, but goes back to antiquity, to their early days, in that they show honor to the father of the head of their people."[46]. Marble stripe marking the beginning and end of each circumambulation. The Kaaba, meaning cube in Arabic, is a square building, elegantly draped in a silk and cotton veil. During most of the year the Kaaba is covered with an enormous cloth of black brocade, the kiswah. Behold! Accept (this service) from us: For Thou art the All-Hearing, the All-knowing. When the idol was moved inside the Kaaba, it had seven arrows in front of it, which were used for divination. Kaaba, small shrine located near the center of the Great Mosque in Mecca and considered by Muslims everywhere to be the most sacred spot on Earth. The idol was made of red agate and shaped like a human, but with the right hand broken off and replaced with a golden hand. 'Honored Ka'bah'), is a building at the center of Islam's most important mosque, the Masjid al-Haram in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Once a year, tribes from all around the Arabian Peninsula, whether Christian or pagan, would converge on Mecca to perform the Hajj pilgrimage, marking the widespread conviction that Allah was the same deity worshipped by monotheists. Another stone was the Maqam Ibrahim, the Station of Abraham, where Abraham stood for elevation while building the structure. Difficile de croire que des personnes continuent d'être inhumées dans ce sanctuaire vieux de plus de 1400 ans. During the first half of Muhammad's time as a prophet while he was at Mecca, he and his followers were severely persecuted which eventually led to their migration to Medina in 622 CE. A Mosque in the area of Medina, possibly: This page was last edited on 13 December 2020, at 22:29. Pilgrims go around the Kaaba (the most sacred site in Islam) seven times in a counterclockwise direction; the first three at a hurried pace on the outer part of the Mataaf and the latter four times closer to the Kaaba at a leisurely pace. Corrections? Les quatre coins de la Kaaba furent orientés vers les points cardinaux et une pierre noire céleste, remise par un ange, fut enchâssée dans le coin oriental du sanctuaire. Les parois des murs sont quant à elles tapissées d’un ensemble de pièces de tissus de … Rock inscriptions from early Islam: Documentary evidence for the Kaaba. [56][55][57], Narrated Abdullah: When the Prophet entered Mecca on the day of the conquest, there were 360 idols around the Kaaba. [62] The Kaaba's appearance has not changed since then. Kaaba, also spelled Kaʿbah, small shrine located near the centre of the Great Mosque in Mecca and considered by Muslims everywhere to be the most sacred spot on Earth. Professor Juan Cole is of the opinion that the inscription is likely from the second century A.H. (c. 718 – 815 AD). Both the roof and ceiling (collectively dual-layered) are made of stainless steel-capped teak wood. (c'était un temple situé dans le territoire de Khath'am et qu'on appelait: la Ka'ba des Yéménites) […]. [8] There were paintings of idols decorating the walls. Or, le verset 2-127, dit que c'est Ibrahim sws et son fils ismail sws. The wall directly adjacent to the entrance of the Kaaba has six tablets inlaid with inscriptions, and there are several more tablets along the other walls. This short Nestorian (Christian origin) chronicle written no later than the 660s CE covers the history up to the Arab conquest and also gives an interesting note on Arabian geography. If possible, Muslims are to kiss or touch it, but this is often not possible because of the large crowds. La Kaaba est un lieu sacré du culte musulman au sein de la mosquée al-Haram, à la Mecque, en Arabie Saoudite. A house for the people. Muslims orient themselves toward this shrine during the five daily prayers, bury their dead facing its meridian, and cherish the ambition of visiting it on pilgrimage, or hajj, in accord with the command set out in the Qurʾān. The basic shape and structure of the Kaaba have not changed since then.[61]. The Qibla is the direction faced during prayer. Tchadinfos vous propose 5 points pour la comprendre. The Kaaba has been destroyed, damaged, and subsequently rebuilt several times since. L’histoire de la Kaâba. Tawaf (Arabic: طَوَاف‎, lit. The…. It took its present name from what it had been, since the memory of the place was preserved with the generations of their race. The name he gives it allows us to identify it as a South Arabian foundation created around a sanctuary. Note: The major (long) axis of the Kaaba has been observed to align with the rising of the star Canopus toward which its southern wall is directed, while its minor axis (its east–west facades) roughly align with the sunrise of summer solstice and the sunset of winter solstice.[71][72]. Crone argues that if Mecca had been a well-known center of trade, it would have been mentioned by later authors such as Procopius, Nonnosus, or the Syrian church chroniclers writing in Syriac. Tradition goes that the Kaaba was ordained by Allah (swt) to be built in the shape of the House in Heaven called Baitul Ma’amoor.Allah in his infinite Mercy ordained a similar place on earth and Prophet Adam was the first to build this place. More than 1.6 billion Muslims face the Kaaba from all over the world. We gave the site, to Ibrahim, of the (Sacred) House, (saying): "Associate not anything (in worship) with Me; and sanctify My House for those who compass it round, or stand up, or bow, or prostrate themselves (therein in prayer). [43] Edward Gibbon believed that this was the Kaaba. Per a hypothesis by Uri Rubin and Christian Robin, Hubal was only venerated by Quraysh and the Kaaba was first dedicated to Allah, a supreme god of individuals belonging to different tribes, while the pantheon of the gods of Quraysh was installed in Kaaba after they conquered Mecca a century before Muhammad's time. Since he lived in tents, he built that place for the worship of God and for the offering of sacrifices. The Black Stone and the Maqam Ibrahim are believed by Muslims to be the only remnant of the original structure made by Abraham as the remaining structure had to be demolished and rebuilt several times over history for its maintenance. ", Ibn Kathir, in his famous exegesis (tafsir) of the Quran, mentions two interpretations among the Muslims on the origin of the Kaaba. 'Cloth') is changed. 'The Cube', Arabic pronunciation: [kaʕ.bah]), also spelled Ka'bah or Kabah, sometimes referred to as al-Kaʿbah al-Musharrafah (Arabic: ٱلْكَعْبَة ٱلْمُشَرَّفَة‎, romanized: al-Kaʿbah al-Musharrafah, lit. …to a local shrine, the Kaʿbah. ", And remember Ibrahim and Ismail raised the foundations of the House (With this prayer): "Our Lord! However, the most significant increase in their numbers is during Ramadan and the hajj, when millions of pilgrims gather for tawaf. Timur Kuran, “Commercial Life under Islamic Rule,” in The Long Divergence : How Islamic Law Held Back the Middle East. [18] According to the Encyclopædia Britannica, "before the rise of Islam, it was revered as a sacred sanctuary and was a site of pilgrimage. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Kaaba-shrine-Mecca-Saudi-Arabia, Sacred Destinations - Kaaba, Mecca, Saudi Arabia, The David Collection - Mecca and the Kaaba. Ibn Ishaq's Sirat Rasūl Allāh, one of the biographies of Muhammad (as reconstructed and translated by Guillaume), describes Muhammad settling a quarrel between the Meccan clans as to which clan should set the Black Stone in its place. According to Ishaq's biography, Muhammad's solution was to have all the clan elders raise the cornerstone on a cloak, after which Muhammad set the stone into its final place with his own hands. Merci, salam, bonne soirée In 930 the Black Stone itself was carried away by an extreme Shiʿi sect known as the Qarmatians and held almost 20 years for ransom. Il est bon pour un musulman de connaître un minimum sur histoire de la Maison Sacrée, la Kaâba.Et ceci peut être compté comme un précepte de glorification des injonctions sacrées d’Allah.. Allah dit : « Et quiconque exalte les injonctions sacrées d’Allah, s’inspire en effet de la piété des cœurs. The Black Stone is said to have been given to the patriarch Abraham by the Archangel Gabriel. The fall of the city and the death of 'Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr allowed the Umayyads under 'Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan to finally reunite all the Islamic possessions and end the long civil war. [55] According to reports collected by Ibn Ishaq and al-Azraqi, Muhammad spared a painting of Mary and Jesus, and a fresco of Abraham. Each pilgrim who undertakes the Hajj circles the shrine seven times, touching the Black Stone for forgiveness. [13] The others also allegedly had counterparts of the Black Stone. [3][4] According to the Saudi Ministry of Hajj and Umrah, 6,791,100 pilgrims arrived for the Umrah pilgrimage in the Islamic year 1439 AH,[a] a 3.6% increase from the previous year, with 2,489,406 others arriving for the 1440 AH Hajj. During Muhammad's lifetime (570–632 CE), the Kaaba was considered a holy site by the local Arabs. 'House of Allah'). The vicinity of the shrine was also made a sanctuary where bloodshed and war were forbidden. [8], al-Azraqi provides the following narrative on the authority of his grandfather:[8], I have heard that there was set up in al-Bayt (referring to the Kaaba) a picture (Arabic: تمثال‎, romanized: Timthal, lit. Elle est changée tous les ans, le 9 dhou al-hijja du calendrier musulman, date qui correspond à la fin du hajj (10 mouharram auparavant)1. Several idols were placed within the Kaaba representing deities of different aspects of nature and different tribes. ], ille esseva pardonate per Deo.In le angulo nord-est es Hajar Al-Aswad, le petra nigre.Illo es ubicate in le moschea del Haram.. The Ka'aba is considered the center of the Muslim world and is a unifying focal point for Islamic worship. A l’intérieur de la Kaaba, qui se trouve au centre la grande mosquée de la Mecque, trois piliers soutiennent le plafond. There was a "Red Stone", in the Kaaba of the South Arabian city of Ghaiman; and the "White Stone" in the Kaaba of al-Abalat (near modern-day Tabala). (Princeton University Press, 2011), 45–62. The keys to the Kaaba are held by the Banī Shaybah (Arabic: بني شيبة‎) tribe, an honor bestowed upon them by Muhammad. Dimensions : Elle mesure 14 x47m, couvrant une surface de 658 m². ", In her book Islam: A Short History, Karen Armstrong asserts that the Kaaba was officially dedicated to Hubal, a Nabatean deity, and contained 360 idols which probably represented the days of the year. 'Abdullah rebuilt it to include the hatīm. The Kaaba functions as the qibla, or the direction in which Muslims pray towards 5 five times a day. Get exclusive access to content from our 1768 First Edition with your subscription. This idol was one of the chief deities of the ruling Quraysh tribe. The Kaaba (Arabic: ٱلْكَعْبَة‎, romanized: al-Kaʿbah, lit. The structure was severely damaged by a fire on 3 Rabi' I 64 AH or Sunday, 31 October 683 CE, during the first siege of Mecca in the war between the Umayyads and 'Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr,[60] an early Muslim who ruled Mecca for many years between the death of ʿAli and the consolidation of power by the Umayyads. [77][78] To be in a state of Wudu (ablution) is mandatory while performing tawaf as it is considered to be a form of worship ('ibadah). Circling the Kaaba seven times counterclockwise, known as Tawaf (Arabic: طواف‎, romanized: tawaaf), is an obligatory rite for the completion of the Hajj and Umrah pilgrimages. It states that the Kaaba was the first House of Worship for mankind, and that it was built by Ibrahim and Ismail on Allah's instructions.[24][25][26]. His first action was to remove statues and images from the Kaaba. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Kaʿbah, shrine in the Great Mosque, Mecca.