If, then, he dies or is killed, will you turn back on your heel? Eric Younous officiel 41,854 views [70], Under Omar's leadership, the empire expanded; accordingly, he began to build a political structure that would hold together the vast territory. Mais qui est-elle ? Each district or main city was under the charge of a junior governor or Amir, usually appointed by Omar himself, but occasionally also appointed by the provincial governor. Et nous avons continué à nous disputer jusqu’à ce qu’elle ait pris sa tête entre ses mains et elle a dit : – Je le fais malgré toi ! [citation needed], Even though almost all of the Muslims had given their pledge of loyalty to Omar, he was feared more than loved. 634–644). Toute nouveauté est innovation, toute innovation est égarement et tout South Africa: Durban: 1881 S The Juma Masjid was the first mosque to be built in Durban, and the oldest and largest in the Southern Hemisphere. He was the first to discipline the people when they became disordered. Notée parmi les meilleures séries de tous les temps, plus précisément dans sa catégorie Documentaire, avec sa note de 0.00 et ses 0 votes, la série Omar Ibn Al-Khattab Al-Faruq, sortie en en 2012 ; est une pépite qui mérite d’être regardée plusieurs fois en streaming VF. Provinces were further divided into about 100 districts. Do not keep your doors shut in their faces, lest the more powerful of them eat up the weaker ones. Omar launched the invasion by attacking the very heart of Persia, aiming to isolate Azerbaijan and eastern Persia. [11] The nomination of Umar voided the wishes of Abd al-Malik, who sought to restrict the office to his direct descendants. Omar ibn al-Khattab (mort en 644) fut le deuxième calife des musulmans et dirigea les spectaculaires conquêtes arabes et organisa l'empire arabe. Le mercenaire du califat. (, Saberi, Tarikh Feragh Islami, Vol. [8] He remained in al-Walid's court in Damascus until the caliph's death in 715,[3] and according to the 9th-century historian al-Ya'qubi, he performed the funeral prayers for al-Walid. Aeschines, Against Ctesiphon, 52. Sa mère est Houthmah Bintou Hachim. He resolved to defend the traditional polytheistic religion of Arabia. These two canals were the basis for the agricultural development for the whole Basra region and used for drinking water. Do not praise them unduly, lest they fall into the error of conceit. He followed Abu Bakr's decision over the disputed land of Fidak, continuing to treat it as state property. During his rule, the garrison cities (amsar) of Basra and Kufa were founded or expanded. According to various Twelver Shia sources and Madelung,[45][46] Omar and Abu Bakr had in effect mounted a political coup against Ali at the Saqifah[41] According to one version of narrations in primary sources, Omar and Abu Bakr are also said to have used force to try to secure the allegiance from Ali and his party. [69] Al-Tabari reports that 'Utba ibn Ghazwan built the first canal from the Tigris River to the site of Basra when the city was in the planning stage. [11], According to historian Reinhard Eisener, Raja's role in the affair was likely "exaggerated"; "more reasonable" was that Umar's succession was the result of "traditional patterns, like seniority and well-founded claims" stemming from Caliph Marwan I's original designation of Umar's father, Abd al-Aziz, as Abd al-Malik's successor,[14] which had not materialized due to Abd al-Aziz predeceasing Abd al-Malik. After Muhammad's passing, it was Omar who reconciled the Medinan Muslims to accept Abu Bakr, a Meccan, as the caliph. 'Omar se fâcha tellement qu'il était sur le point de le frapper de sa colère. [6] Umar spent part of his childhood in Egypt, particularly in Hulwan, which had become the seat of his father's governorship between 686 and his death in 705. Omar appartenait à une famille de la classe moyenne du clan Adi, qui faisait partie de la tribu de Qouraysh. Sa Mère s'appelait Zaynab bint Maz'ûn. [3][10][11][12] Sulayman's son Ayyub had been his initial nominee, but predeceased him,[13] while his other sons were either too young or away fighting on the Byzantine front. [11][12] He is viewed negatively in the Shia tradition. [55] [citation needed] He killed Hurmuzan, Jafinah, and the daughter of Omar's assassin Abu Lulu, who is believed to have been a Muslim. Western scholars tend to agree that Ali believed he had a clear mandate to succeed Muhammad,[citation needed] but offer differing views as to the extent of use of force by Omar in an attempt to intimidate Ali and his supporters. For instance, Madelung discounts the possibility of the use of force and argues that: Isolated reports of use of force against Ali and Banu Hashim who unanimously refused to swear allegiance for six months are probably to be discounted. [citation needed] This was contrary to the orders of Emperor Heraclius, who presumably wanted a coordinated attack along with the Persians. Analyse : Voici encore une fois le Calife Omar muni de son gourdin et prêt à servir sur les femmes. [77] Prior to his death in 644, Omar had ceased all military expeditions apparently to consolidate his rule in recently conquered Roman Egypt and the newly conquered Sassanid Empire (642–644). [3][97][98], As per Omar's will, he was buried next to Al-Masjid al-Nabawi alongside Muhammad and caliph Abu Bakr by the permission of Aisha. He would also abolish the jizya tax for converts to Islam, who were former dhimmis, who used to be taxed even after they had converted under other Umayyad rulers. Elle est née cinq années avant la Révélation, la même année que Fâtima, la fille du Prophète. After consulting with the poor, Omar established the first welfare state, Bayt al-mal. [75] The Jews, Kaab explained, had briefly won back their old capital a quarter of a century before (when Persians overran Syria and Palestine), but they had not had time to clear the site of the Temple, for the Rums (Byzantines) had recaptured the city. —- Début de la traduction —-3682 – (Solide) Nous avons été informés par Salam bin Chabib, nous avons été informés par al-Moqri, d’après Haywa bin Chari’h, d’apres Bikr bin Amrou, d’apres Michra’h bin Ha’aane : Oukba bin Amer a dit que le prophète a dit : « s’il devait y avoir un prophète après-moi, qu’il soit Omar ibn al-Khattab ». [17][20] Like others around him, Omar was fond of drinking in his pre-Islamic days. However, hearing that Muhammad was still alive, he went to Muhammad at the mountain of Uhud and prepared for the defence of the hill. For internally displaced people, Omar hosted a dinner every night at Medina, which according to one estimate, had attendance of more than a hundred thousand people. The story was recounted in Ibn Ishaq's Sīrah. [22], Umar was a scholar and surrounded himself with great scholars like Muhammad ibn Ka'b and Maymun ibn Mihran. In 638 CE, Arabia fell into severe drought followed by a famine. [48][49] Tom Holland writes "What added incomparably to his prestige, was that his earth-shaking qualities as a generalissimo were combined with the most distinctive cast of virtues. "[113], Under Omar's rule, in order to promote strict discipline, Arab soldiers were settled outside of cities, between the desert and cultivated lands in special garrison towns known as "amsar". Infuriated by this, Omar's younger son Ubaidullah ibn Umar sought to kill all the Persians in Medina. [15] Umar acceded without significant opposition on 22 September 717. These troops proved decisive in the Battle of Qadisiyyah. He was a … Do you think that Banu Abd Manaf would let you run around alive once you had killed their son Muhammad? Upon hearing these words, Omar slapped his sister so hard that she fell to the ground bleeding from her mouth. Umar Ibn al-Khattab (may God be pleased with him), the second of the Rightly Guided Caliphs of Islam, made an inconceivably large contribution not only to the geographic spread of Islam, but to the establishment of religious justice and intellectual freedom as well. [3], Information about his governorship is scant, but most traditional accounts note that he was a "just governor", according to historian Paul Cobb. The Mujadid of the 2nd century was Imam of Ahlul Sunnah Muhammad Idrees Shaafi. [88][89] As new areas were attached to the Caliphate, they also benefited from free trade, while trading with other areas in the Caliphate (to encourage commerce, in Islam trade is not taxed, but wealth is subject to the zakat). [50], Omar advised Abu Bakr to compile the Quran in the form of a book after 300 huffāẓ (memorizers) of the Quran died in the Battle of Yamamah.[51]. Sa … Omar's threadbare robes, his diet of bread, salt and water, and his rejection of worldly riches would have reminded anyone from the desert reaches beyond Palestine of a very particular kind of person. Eric Younous - Duration: 46:27. 581-644 ʻUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb, calife, m. 644 Umar ben al-Chattáb, chalifa, -644 VIAF ID: 27868234 (Personal) ˈʕʊmɑr ɪbn alxɑtˤˈtˤɑːb], "Umar, Son of Al-Khattab"; c. 584 CE – 3 November 644 CE), was one of the most powerful and influential Muslim caliphs in history. [9] The latter's brother and successor, Sulayman (r. 715–717), held Umar in high regard. [117] Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah before Omar died famously said: "If Omar dies, Islam would be weakened". Omar était le cadet du saint Prophète saws de douze ans et fils de Khattab. [22], Due to persecution, Muhammad ordered some of his followers to migrate to Abyssinia. Omar was founder of Fiqh, or Islamic jurisprudence. Omar ibn al-Khattab (qu’Allah l’agrée) fut un proche compagnon du prophète (paix et bénédiction d’Allah soient sur lui) et le second calife de l’islam à la mort d’Abu Bakr (qu’Allah l’agrée). When he saw what he did to his sister, he calmed down out of guilt and asked his sister to give him what she was reciting. [81][82][83] The Bayt al-mal aided the Muslim and non-Muslim poor, needy, elderly, orphans, widows, and the disabled. Il garantit la sauvegarde des lieux de culte chrétien et ordonna à ses hommes de ne pas les détruire et de ne pas les utiliser comme habitations. Give the Muslims their rights and do not beat them lest they become abused. [35] In 628 Omar witnessed the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah. [citation needed] According to one account, Omar thereafter openly prayed at the Kaaba as the Quraish chiefs, Amr ibn Hishām and Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, reportedly watched in anger. It was Piruz who was assigned the mission of assassinating Omar. Han foreslog i stedet, at de skulle vælge en af følgende personer: Ali ibn Abi Talib, Utman ibn Affan, Abdurrahman ibn Auf, Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas, Az-Zubair ibn al-Awwam og Talha ibn Ubaidullah. [3] Likewise, he was at the caliph's side at the Muslims' marshaling camp at Dabiq in northern Syria, where Sulayman directed the massive war effort to conquer the Byzantine capital of Constantinople in 717. After the plague had weakened, in late 639, Omar visited Syria for political and administrative re-organization, as most of the veteran commanders and governors had died of the plague. say he had reddish-white skin. Watt. Appelé “commandeur des croyants”, ses mérites sont multiples : il était doté d’une humilité et d’un comportement hors-norme. [111], He would patrol the streets of Medina with a whip in his hand, ready to punish any offenders he might come across. Omar is remembered by Sunnis as a rigid Muslim of a sound and just disposition in matters of religion; a man they title Farooq, meaning "leader, jurist and statesman", and the second of the rightly guided caliphs. / شایعه 0717", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Omar&oldid=994989094, Sahabah who participated in the battle of Uhud, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2017, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2012, All Wikipedia articles needing clarification, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from December 2014, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2017, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2014, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2017, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from January 2015, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2015, Articles lacking reliable references from September 2017, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Abdulrahman "the Middle" (Abu'l-Mujabbar) ibn Umar. [104] Others[who?] Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz (Arabic: عمر بن عبد العزيز‎, romanized: ʿUmar ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz; 2 November 682 – c. 5 February 720), commonly known as Umar II (عمر الثاني), was the eighth Umayyad caliph. [citation needed] Historian Salima bin al-Akwa'a said that "Omar was ambidextrous, he could use both his hands equally well". [90] Since the so-called Constitution of Medina, drafted by Muhammad, the Jews and the Christians continued to use their own laws in the Caliphate and had their own judges. This policy continued during the Umayyad period and resulted in the cultivation of large areas of barren lands through the construction of irrigation canals by the state and by individuals. Later in 627 he participated in the Battle of the Trench and also in the Battle of Banu Qurayza. Voir plus d'idées sur le thème islam, rappel islam, hadith. Umar's grandfather, Marwan I, was ultimately recognized by these tribes as caliph and, with their support, reasserted Umayyad rule in Syria. [citation needed], Omar issued an order to invade the very homeland of the Christian Arab forces besieging Emesa, the Jazirah. [4] His descent from Caliph Umar would later be much emphasized by Umar II and the traditional Muslim sources to differentiate him from the other Umayyad rulers. Muslims remained in peace in Medina for approximately a year before the Quraish raised an army to attack them. As a merchant he was unsuccessful. [110], Omar never appointed governors for more than two years, for they might amass too much local power. Omar ibn khatab et un aveugle se plaignant de sa femme. Omar died on 3 November 644; on 7 November Uthman succeeded him as caliph. Omar at last gave in. Hafsa était la fille de 'Umar ibn Al-Khattâb, mecquois de la tribu des Adî. According to Jewish tradition, Omar set aside the Christian ban on Jews and allowed them into Jerusalem and to worship. [68], Since Medina, with a rapidly growing population, was at risk of recurring famines when crops were lacking, Omar sought to facilitate the import of grain. The military conquests were partially terminated between 638 and 639 during the years of great famine in Arabia and plague in the Levant. Omar ibn al-Khattâb. [132][133], Omar married nine women in his lifetime and had fourteen children: ten sons and four daughters. In 629 Muhammad sent Amr ibn al-A’as to Zaat-ul-Sallasal, after which, Muhammad sent Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah with reinforcements, including Abu Bakr and Omar, whereupon they attacked and defeated the enemy. Zayd ibn al-Khattab was a sahaba (companion) of Muhammad and the brother of the second Caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab, also known as Omar the Great.. A recently discovered Judeo-Arabic text has disclosed the following anecdote:[72], "Omar ordered Gentiles and a group of Jews to sweep the area of the Temple Mount. en Strongly condemns the setting on fire of the church of the Nativity and the Omar Ibn Al-Khattab mosque in Bethlehem and the shelling with artillery fire of the Al-Baik and Al-Kabir mosques in Nablus. With the necessary public support on his side, Omar took the bold decision of recalling Khalid ibn Walid from supreme command on the Roman front.[62]. [119], One strategic success was his sundering of the Byzantine-Sassanid alliance in 636, when Emperor Heraclius and Emperor Yazdegerd III allied against their common enemy. In 625 he took part in the Battle of Uhud. Et que la paix soit sur vous ainsi que la miséricorde de Dieu et sa bénédiction. [102] From first hand accounts of his physical appearance Omar is said to be vigorous, robust and a very tall man; in markets he would tower above the people. Abdulrehman ibn Abu Bakr, son of the late caliph Abu Bakr, confirmed that, a few days before Omar's assassination, he saw this dagger in Hurmuzan's possession. Il était issu de la branche hautement respectée des Adi des Quraish, représentants des Quraish lors des négociations avec les autres tribus et juges lors des désaccords. The principal officers were required to travel to Mecca on the occasion of the Hajj, during which people were free to present any complaint against them. But with all of this, he was also known for being kindhearted, answering the needs of the fatherless and widows. Omar ordered caravans of supplies from Syria and Iraq, and personally supervised their distribution. — fin de la traduction — Notes de traduction [1] : Al-Harith Bin Rab’ii al-Ansari al-Soulami dit “Abu Qatada”. [51], Along with Khalid ibn Walid, Omar was influential in the Ridda wars. dit ‘Omar. According to one estimate more than 4,050 cities were captured during these military conquests. [104][105], Early Muslim historians Ibn Saad and Al-Hakim mention that Abu Miriam Zir, a native of Kufa, described Omar as being "advanced in years, bald, of a tawny colour – a left handed man, tall and towering above the people". Later in Omar's reign as caliph, Muhammad ibn Muslamah would be assigned the office of Chief Inspector of Accountability. Entendue durant le mois béni de Ramadan 1441 de l'hégire sur Radio Sunnite, la voix de l'APBIF. [citation needed] Provincial governors received as much as five to seven thousand dirham annually besides their shares of the spoils of war (if they were also the commander in chief of the army of their sector). [109], He built up an efficient administrative structure that held together his vast realm. [118] This had not been done during the time of Muhammad. The challenge of Islamic renaissance By Syed Abdul Quddus, harvtxt error: no target: CITEREFEsposito2010 (, Islam: An Illustrated History By Greville Stewart Parker Freeman-Grenville, Stuart Christopher Munro-Hay, p. 40. Islamic Quarterly 8 (1964) p.4. After prolonged negotiations, the tribunal decided to give blood money to the victims, and released Omar's son Ubaidullah on the ground that, after the tragedy of Omar's assassination, people would be further infuriated by the execution of his son the very next day. The government of Omar was a unitary government, where the sovereign political authority was the caliph. Omar was known for this intelligence service through which he made his officials accountable. He made various significant contributions and reforms to the society, and he has been described as "the most pious and devout" of the Umayyad rulers and was often called the first Mujaddid and fifth righteous caliph of Islam.[1]. Abu Bakr ibn Muhammad ibn Hazm and Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri are among those who compiled hadiths at Umar II's behest.[24]. In the second phase of the battle, when Khalid ibn Walid's cavalry attacked the Muslim rear, turning the tide of battle, rumours of Muhammad's death were spread and many Muslim warriors were routed from the battlefield, Omar among them. According to Nazeer Ahmed, it was during the time of Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz that the Islamic faith took roots and was accepted by huge segments of the population of Persia and Egypt. Auteur: Fil de discussion: la serie Omar ibn al khattab (Lu 22322 fois) 0 Membres et 1 Invité sur ce fil de discussion. [26] He started quarreling with his brother-in-law. Omar resolved the divisions by placing his hand on that of Abu Bakr as a unity candidate for those gathered in the Saqifah. Known examples of such settlements are Basra and Kufa, in Iraq, and Fustat south of what would later become Cairo. He was the first to appoint police forces to keep civil order. Omar also forbade non-Muslims from residing in the Hejaz for longer than three days. "[117] The infusion of non-Arabs in large number into the fold of Islam shifted the center of gravity of the empire from Medina and Damascus to Persia and Egypt. As a leader, 'Omar was known for his simple, austere lifestyle. [114], A modern researcher writes about this:[115]. He washed his body and then began to read the verses that were: Verily, I am Allah: there is no God but Me; so serve Me (only), and establish regular prayer for My remembrance (Quran 20:14). [28] Mais c'est sans compter leurs amis, petits amis et plus tard, époux qui défilent constamment dans le foyer des Camden. [8] Umar remained in northern Syria, often residing at his estate in Khunasira, where he built a fortified headquarters. Yet still they kept on saying "you may kill us but we will not give up Islam". Sa naissance. Kaab indicated the Temple Rock, now a gigantic heap of ruins from the temple of Jupiter. Parce qu'Omar était l'un des adversaires les plus catégoriques de la prédication de Mahomet à La Mecque, sa conversion radicalement soudaine à l'Islam en 615 est souvent considérée comme un tournant dans la carrière du Prophète. [73] [21] However, he prevented further eastward expansion. Les remords (Pour illustration : Omar Ibn Al-Khattab) Histoire. Abu Bakr is reported to have said to the high-ranking advisers: His (Omar's) strictness was there because of my softness when the weight of Caliphate will be over his shoulders he will remain no longer strict. Until the appointment of the next caliph, Omar appointed a notable Sahabi and mawla, Suhayb ar-Rumi (Suhayb the Roman), as a caretaker caliph. Under his rule, the Islamic Spain conquered good amount of territories from the Christian Kingdoms, but he removed troops from Septimania, modern France. [citation needed]. His sister replied in the negative and said "You are unclean, and no unclean person can touch the Scripture." This department acted as the Administrative court, where the legal proceedings were personally led by Omar. Nevertheless, Abu Bakr decided to make Omar his successor. After the Saqifah assembly chose Abu Bakr as caliph, Omar marched with armed men to Ali's house in order to get the allegiance of Ali and his supporters. [33] [3] Umar tolerated many of these scholars' vocal criticism of the Umayyad government's conduct. Dans des sociétés qui considèrent Omar comme un modèle à suivre – un quasi prophète – il … During his reign the Levant, Egypt, Cyrenaica, Tripolitania, Fezzan, Eastern Anatolia, almost the whole of the Sassanid Persian Empire including Bactria, Persia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Caucasus and Makran were annexed to the Rashidun Caliphate. [42] Though the Khazraj were in disagreement, Omar, after strained negotiations lasting one or two days, brilliantly divided the Ansar into their old warring factions of Aws and Khazraj tribes. The final expedition was launched against Khurasan, where, after the Battle of Oxus River, the Persian empire ceased to exist, and Yazdegerd III fled to Central Asia. [3] He received his education in Medina, however,[3] which was retaken by the Umayyads under Umar's paternal uncle, Caliph Abd al-Malik (r. 685–705), in 692. Example sentences with "Ibn Al-Khattab", translation memory. In important cases Muhammad ibn Maslamah was deputed by Omar to proceed to the spot, investigate the charge and take action. When Omar was informed about the incident, he ordered Ubaidullah imprisoned, and that the next caliph should decide his fate.[97]. State officials were excluded from entering into any business. [53][54] On 31 October 644, Piruz attacked Omar while he was leading the morning prayers, stabbing him six times in the belly and finally in the navel, that proved fatal. Omar ibn Al-Khattab, par sa conversion à l’islam, vint renforcer cette religion. 0 /10. [citation needed] On his way back from Damascus to Aleppo or possibly to his Khunasira estate, Umar fell ill.[30] He died between 5 February and 10 February 720,[30] at the age of 37,[31] in the village of Dayr Sim'an (the Monastery of Simeon) near Ma'arrat al-Nu'man. I bear witness that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah." [78] The first governor to respond was Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah, the governor of Syria and supreme commander of the Rashidun army. [citation needed] In 638, his fourth year as caliph and the seventeenth year since the Hijra, he decreed that the Islamic calendar should be counted from the year of the Hijra of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina. [citation needed]. [citation needed], During one of rituals of Hajj, the Ramy al-Jamarat (stoning of the Devil), someone threw a stone at Omar that wounded his head; a voice was heard that Omar will not attend the Hajj ever again. According to the plan, before the Fajr prayers (the morning prayers before the dawn) Piruz would enter Al-Masjid al-Nabawi, the main mosque of Medina where Omar led the prayers and would attack Omar during the prayers, and then flee or mix with the congregation at the mosque. [3] He accompanied the latter when he led the Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca in 716 and on his return to Jerusalem. De : Al Moutaqi al-Hindi [wiki: ar] Volume 15, page 730 . His motivation for the assassination is not clear. Úmar ibn al-Khattab, també anomenat Úmar I o Úmar el Gran —en àrab: عمر بن الخطاب, Umar ibn al-Ḫattāb— (la Meca, vers el 581 - Medina, 4 de novembre de 644), va ser entre els anys 634 a 644 el segon califa de l'Islam, successor d'Abu-Bakr as-Siddiq, i primer califa a dur el títol d'amir al-muminín ('príncep dels creients'). The Bayt al-mal ran for hundreds of years, from the Rashidun Caliphate in the 7th century through the Umayyad period (661–750) and well into the Abbasid era. By late 632 CE, Khalid ibn Walid had successfully united Arabia after consecutive victories against the rebels. "[116], His rule was one of the few moments in the history of Islam where Muslims were united as a single community. [102] Omar's eldest son Abdullah described his father as "a man of fair complexion, a ruddy tint prevailing, tall, bald and grey". [79], While famine was ending in Arabia, many districts in Syria and Palestine were devastated by plague.

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