The history is apologetic because it is written as a defense of the cultural level of the Indians, arguing throughout that indigenous peoples of the Americas were just as civilized as the Roman, Greek and Egyptian civilizations—and more civilized than some European civilizations. mendera arte. Fray Bartolomé de Las Casas (Sevilla, 1474 - Madrid, 1566) Religioso español, defensor de los derechos de los indígenas en los inicios de la colonización de América. ", https://www.la-croix.com/Archives/2002-10-03/Ouverture-de-la-cause-de-beatification-de-Bartolome-de-La-Casas-_NP_-2002-10-03-166954, Frayba.org.mx – Fray Bartolome de las Casas Centro de Derechos Humanos, "Bills and Currency in Current Circulation", A Glimpse at the History of Lascassas School, "From Conquest to Constitutions: Retrieving a Latin American Tradition of the Idea of Human Rights", "Historical reality and the detractors of Father Las Casas", "Las Casas and Indigenism in the Sixteenth Century", "Fray Bartolomé de Las Casas: A Biographical Sketch", "The Forgotten Crucible: The Latin American Influence on the Universal Human Rights Idea", "Introduction: Approaches to Las Casas, 1535–1970", "Controversy between Sepúlveda and Las Casas", "Bartolomé de las Casas and Truth: Toward a Spirituality of Solidarity", "Another face of empire. Bartolomé de Las Casas (1484–17. He described the atrocities committed by the colonizers against the indigenous peoples.[2]. In 1527 he began working on his History of the Indies, in which he reported much of what he had witnessed first hand in the conquest and colonization of New Spain. Hala ere, nahiz eta Bernal Diaz de Luco eta Mercado de Peñaloza Indietako kontseilariek interes handia erakutsi zuten, ezin izan zen egin, Fonseca klan etsaia oraindik gortean zegoelako. Las Casas maintained that they were fully human, and that forcefully subjugating them was unjustifiable. Han ongi hartu zuten frantziskotarrek. Bartolome iruzurgilea zela sinetsita zeuden, amaigabeko lanez hil nahi zituela, eta uhartean geratuz gero, haientzat lan egingo zuten indiarrak eta lurrak eskuratzeko aukera izango zutela. Gainera, ordura arte esploratu gabeko lurretan sartzeari zegokionez, bi erlijiosok parte hartu behar zuten beti eta indiarrekin harremanak modu baketsuan gauzatzen zirela zainduko zuten, konbertsioa erraztuko zuen elkarrizketa sortuz. Eskaria bete zuen, baina bere oinordekoa zen Pedro de Vadilloren etsaitasuna areagotu zuen, eta espetxeratzea lortu. Bartolome de Las Casas 1502ko apirilaren 15ean iritsi zen uhartera. Hala ere, Cumanara joatea erabaki zuen. Horrek kritikak piztu zituen jendearen artean, ez bere predikuaren aurka, bere aurka baino, Las Casas enkomienda-burua baitzen eta ez baitzen bidezkoa bera kide zen taldea iraintzea. [5] In 1522, he tried to launch a new kind of peaceful colonialism on the coast of Venezuela, but this venture failed. Bartolomé de Las Casas, född 1474 eller 1484 i Sevilla, död 17 juli 1566 i Madrid, var en spansk präst, den förste biskopen av Chiapas.I egenskap av bosättare i Nya världen, blev han vittne till den brutala tortyren och folkmorden på indianerna som de spanska kolonialisterna begick. Bartolomé de Las Casas suti Sevilla, 1484 mara yuritayna - Madrid, 1566 mara 31 uru Huillka kuti yuriwi) Ispaña jacha marka Duminikanu munqhim chiqa yachaq … Las Casas had become a hated figure by Spaniards all over the islands, and he had to seek refuge in the Dominican monastery. Eztabaidatu zenaren ondorioz, Karlos I.ak 1542ko azaroaren 20an Lege Berriak aldarrikatu zituen. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Adrianok ere eman zuen bere idazkien berri, Erregeordeari bidali zizkion. Bartolome de las Casas bertan izan zen. [26] Aided by Pedro de Córdoba and accompanied by Antonio de Montesinos, he left for Spain in September 1515, arriving in Seville in November. [71] Las Casas countered that the scriptures did not in fact support war against all heathens, only against certain Canaanite tribes; that the Indians were not at all uncivilized nor lacking social order; that peaceful mission was the only true way of converting the natives; and finally that some weak Indians suffering at the hands of stronger ones was preferable to all Indians suffering at the hands of Spaniards. Gazteari, ordea, atera zenean soldadu batek labankada eman zion. Carlos V.ari jakinarazi zioten kazike errebelde bat zegoela La Españolan, eta hura neutralizatzeko agindu zuen. [97], One persistent point of criticism has been Las Casas's repeated suggestions of replacing Indian with African slave labor. Bartolomé de las Casas y los derechos Humanos. Las Casas managed to secure the support of the king's Flemish courtiers, including the powerful Chancellor Jean de la Sauvage. Mazariegos indiarrez ere arduratzen zen: lurrak eman zizkien jabetzan eta esan zien espainiarren batek haiengatik interesa izanez gero ordain ziezaiekeela, asteko atsedenak errespetatuko zitzaizkiela ziurtatu zuen, buruzagien eta kazikeen seme-alabak joan zitezkeen eskola bat sortu zuen, eta abar. Bertan, Amerikako indigenek konkistatzaile espainiarrengandik jasan zituzten izugarrikeriak deskribatzen ditu. Las Casas was among those denied confession for this reason. Laster sortu ziren bando bi boterea eskuratzeko. Las Casasek jatorrizko eskuizkribua Valladolideko San Gregorio Ikastetxeari utzi zion 1559ko azaroan, gutxienez 1600 arte argitaratzen ez uzteko aginduarekin. Felipe printzeari eskainitako obra da (geroago panfletotzat hartua) eta Ameriketan espainiarrek kolonizatzeak indigenentzat izan zituen ondorioen salaketa du gai orokorra. 1511n, Diego Kolonek gertuko Kuba uhartearen barnealdea esploratzeko unea zela erabaki zuen. Giza eskubideen teoriari eta praktikari egindako ekarpena Brevísima relación de la destrucción de las Indias bere lanean bildu zuen, XVI. [8] For centuries, Las Casas's birthdate was believed to be 1474; however, in the 1970s, scholars conducting archival work demonstrated this to be an error, after uncovering in the Archivo General de Indias records of a contemporary lawsuit that demonstrated he was born a decade later than had been supposed. Hala ere, espainiarrak indiarrak ezpataz hiltzen hasi ziren. Bartolome de Las Casasek, arrakastarik gabe, amerikar kontinenteari Columba deitzea proposatu zuen. [100], Las Casas has also often been accused of exaggerating the atrocities he described in the Indies, some scholars holding that the initial population figures given by him were too high, which would make the population decline look worse than it actually was, and that epidemics of European disease were the prime cause of the population decline, not violence and exploitation. They surpassed also the English and the French and some of the people of our own Spain; and they were incomparably superior to countless others, in having good customs and lacking many evil ones. Indiarrak beren herriak husten hasi ziren, eta soldaduek hutsik eta elikagairik gabeko herriekin egiten zuten topo beren bidean. In May 1517, Las Casas was forced to travel back to Spain to denounce to the regent the failure of the Hieronymite reforms. In 1514, Las Casas was studying a passage in the book Ecclesiasticus (Sirach)[25] 34:18–22[a] for a Pentecost sermon and pondering its meaning. This page was last edited on 18 December 2020, at 16:12. Eskainitako zerbitzuengatik, Auzitegiak Bartolome de las Casasen espetxealdia bertan behera utzi zuen eta Peruko gotzain egin berri zuten frai Tomas Berlangaren gonbidapena onar zezan baimendu. A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies[c] (Spanish: Brevísima relación de la destrucción de las Indias) is an account written in 1542 (published in Seville in 1552) about the mistreatment of the indigenous peoples of the Americas in colonial times and sent to then-Prince Philip II of Spain. La Españolara iristean, Las Casasek enkomienda-buruek aita jeronimotarrak beren alde jartzea lortu zutela ikusi zuen. [36] Worried by the visions that Las Casas had drawn up of the situation in the Indies, Cardinal Cisneros decided to send a group of Hieronymite monks to take over the government of the islands. [55], But apart from the clerical business, Las Casas had also traveled to Spain for his own purpose: to continue the struggle against the colonists' mistreatment of the Indians. Kubaren konkistan egindako ekintzen sari, Bartolome de Las Casasek 1514an beste indiar enkomienda bat jaso zuen Canarreon, Arimao ibaiaren ertzean, Cienfuegosetik gertu. (Vol II, p. 257)[93]. Durham–London: Duke University Press, 2007. Pixkanaka jabetu zen zein bidegabea zen sistema, eta "Jainkoak aginduriko jende horren erremedioa lortu" behar zuela ulertu zuen. Horrek guaiquiriak matxinarazi zituen eta Bartolome, kristau kokaguneak zuen arriskuaz jabeturik, laguntza eske joan zen Santo Domingora 1521eko abenduan. Francisco Tellok Lege Berrien aplikazioa bertan behera uztea erabaki zuen, erregearekin hitz egitera joan zen segizioaren arazoa konpondu arte eta erregeak oinordetzari zegokiona bertan behera utzi arte. Another important part of the plan was to introduce a new kind of sustainable colonization, and Las Casas advocated supporting the migration of Spanish peasants to the Indies where they would introduce small-scale farming and agriculture, a kind of colonization that didn't rely on resource depletion and Indian labor. 1523an, urtebeteko nobizio-aldiaren ondoren, Predikarien Ordenan edo domingotar fraideen ordenan lan egin zuen. 1527an iritsi zen hara, eta hiru urte eman zituen estudioan eta meditazioan. [61], Before Las Casas returned to Spain, he was also appointed as Bishop of Chiapas, a newly established diocese of which he took possession in 1545 upon his return to the New World. Lantigua, David. Juli 1566 bei Madrid) war ein spanischer Theologe, Dominikaner und Schriftsteller sowie der erste Bischof von Chiapas im heutigen Mexiko. Frai Bartolome de las Casas, Indiarren apostolua izenez ezaguna, Madrilen hil zen 1566an. Hänen kirjoitustensa syynä pidetään suurelta osin ns. XVI. 1550eko abuztuan Chiapasko apezpiku kargua utzi zuen eta bere dizipuluetako bat, Fray Tomás Casillas, bere ordezko izenda zezatela lortu zuen. They also carried out an inquiry into the Indian question at which all the encomenderos asserted that the Indians were quite incapable of living freely without their supervision. Historia de las Indias lanean, Brevísima relación de la destrucción de las Indias delakoan baino zehatz eta luzeago kontatu zituen indiarren aurkako sarraskiak. [88], The Apologetic Summary History of the People of These Indies (Spanish: Apologética historia summaria de las gentes destas Indias) was first written as the 68th chapter of the General History of the Indies, but Las Casas changed it into a volume of its own, recognizing that the material was not historical. His widely disseminated 'History of the Indies' helped to establish the Black Legend of Spanish cruelty. The accounts written by his enemies Lopez de Gómara and Oviedo were widely read and published. 1500 inguruan, Bartolomek bere ikasketak amaitu zituen Salamancan eta 1502ko otsailaren 13an Sanlucar de Barramedako portutik abiatu zen Indietarako espedizio batean doktrinari plaza lortu zuen. While he was gone the native Caribs attacked the settlement of Cumaná, burned it to the ground and killed four of Las Casas's men. Gyermek- és ifjúkora (1502-ig) Bartolomé de las Casas 1484-ben született Sevillában.. Egyszerű körülmények között nőtt fel. [9] Subsequent biographers and authors have generally accepted and reflected this revision. Bere testamentuaren arabera, ordea, bere gorpuzkiak Valladolidera eraman zituzten. [citation needed], He wrote: "I have declared and demonstrated openly and concluded, from chapter 22 to the end of this whole book, that all people of these our Indies are human, so far as is possible by the natural and human way and without the light of faith – had their republics, places, towns, and cities most abundant and well provided for, and did not lack anything to live politically and socially, and attain and enjoy civil happiness.... And they equaled many nations of this world that are renowned and considered civilized, and they surpassed many others, and to none were they inferior. l'aberration du onzieme remede (1516)" (about the Black slavery question), Jose Alejandro Cardenas Bunsen 2011. Among those they equaled were the Greeks and the Romans, and they surpassed them by many good and better customs. [27][28], Las Casas arrived in Spain with the plan of convincing the King to end the encomienda system. Kontseilu guztien presidentea Kantziler Handia zen, eta bere bila zihoan Las Casas. "[24] Las Casas and his friend Pedro de la Rentería were awarded a joint encomienda which was rich in gold and slaves, located on the Arimao River close to Cienfuegos. The book was banned by the Aragonese inquisition in 1659. 1821ean, akademikoek Las Casasen Historia argitaratzearen aurkako irizpena eman zuten, "Haren irakurketa astun eta gogaikarri egiten duten digresio luze eta gogaikarriengatik, eta, espainiarrek konkistarako duten eskubidea beti kontraesanez eta beren jokabidea etengabe garraztuz, bazitekeelako oraingo inguruabarretan ez zela komenigarria ezta egokia ere argitaratzea, ezta ohoragarria ere nazioari hura baimentzea". Even some of Las Casas's enemies, such as Toribio de Benavente Motolinia, reported many gruesome atrocities committed against the Indians by the colonizers. Hector Anabitarte historialariaren Bartolome de las Casasen biografian, Las Casasek indiarrekin hitz egiten zuela kontatzen da, eta kristau doktrina azaltzen omen zien. (Sevilla, 1484 – Madrid, julio de 1566) fue un encomendero español y luego fraile dominico, cronista, filósofo, teólogo, jurista, «Procurador o protector universal de todos los indios de las Indias», obispo de Chiapas en el Virreinato de Nueva España, escritor y principal apologista de los indígenas. Carlos printzea Asturiasen lehorreratu zen, eta jarraigo handiarekin iritsi zen Valladolidera. Bere konfiantza zuen Francisco de Sotok Las Casas ez zegoela aprobetxatu zuen eta esklabo ehizaldi bat antolatzeko. Sepúlveda argued that the subjugation of certain Indians was warranted because of their sins against Natural Law; that their low level of civilization required civilized masters to maintain social order; that they should be made Christian and that this in turn required them to be pacified; and that only the Spanish could defend weak Indians against the abuses of the stronger ones. 1537an Paulo III.a aita santuak Sublimis Deus bulda eman zuen, esanez indiarrak ezin zirela esklabo bihurtu eta ez zirela "zuen zerbitzurako sortutako basati bezala tratatu behar, baizik eta benetako gizaki bezala, fede katolikoa ulertzeko gai direnak. Las Casasen lana oso garrantzitsua izan zen tribu etsaien artean bidea irekitzeko, beti bidaltzen baitzuen lagun indiar bat indiarrekin biltzera, eta, horregatik, behike ona izenez egin zen ezagun. Early Life . It was important for Las Casas that this method be tested without meddling from secular colonists, so he chose a territory in the heart of Guatemala where there were no previous colonies and where the natives were considered fierce and war-like. Atochan lurperatu zuten. [68], Las Casas returned to Spain, leaving behind many conflicts and unresolved issues. "[20] Las Casas himself argued against the Dominicans in favour of the justice of the encomienda. Hala ere, Las Casas haserre zegoen, kontziliaziorako laguntza eskatu bazioten ere, ez zizkiotelako kontsultatzen hildakoak eragiten zituzten erabaki militarrak, eta, beraz, bertakoek behike gaiztotzat har zezaketen. Nola dauzkazue hain zapaldurik eta nekaturik, jaten eman eta beren eritasunetan eta sendatu gabe, agintzen diezuen lan gehiegizkoagatik gaixotzen eta hiltzen zaizkizuenean; edo, hobe esanda, hiltzen dituzuenean, egunero urrea atera eta eskuratzearen ordainean? As Archbishop Loaysa strongly disliked Las Casas,[62] the ceremony was officiated by Loaysa's nephew, Diego de Loaysa, Bishop of Modruš,[63] with Pedro Torres, Titular Bishop of Arbanum, and Cristóbal de Pedraza, Bishop of Comayagua, as co-consecrators. Hiru parrokia hauetako batean jaioa izan zitekeen: San Lorentzo parrokian, San Bizente parrokian edo Magdalena parrokian, Sevillan. (Sevilla, 1484 – Madrid, julio de 1566) fue un encomendero español y luego fraile dominico, cronista, filósofo, teólogo, jurista, «Procurador o protector universal de todos los indios de las Indias», obispo de Chiapas en el Virreinato de Nueva España, escritor y principal apologista de los indígenas. They were not impressed by his account, and Las Casas had to find a different avenue of change. Gainera, Las Casas familiako kideak hainbatetan izendatu zituzten Andaluziako diruzain nagusi kargurako. Las Casasek Espainiara itzultzea erabaki zuen 1547an, metropolitik indiarren ongizatearen alde borrokatzeko. [43], Arriving in Puerto Rico, in January 1521, he received the terrible news that the Dominican convent at Chiribichi had been sacked by Indians, and that the Spaniards of the islands had launched a punitive expedition, led by Gonzalo de Ocampo, into the very heart of the territory that Las Casas wanted to colonize peacefully. PhD dissertation, Harvard University 1982. 1492an, bere aitaren osaba zen Juan de la Peñak Kolonen lehen bidaian parte hartu zuen, abuztuaren 3an Palosko portutik abiatuta. XVII. Bartolome de las Casas Mexiko Hirira deitu zuen Francisco Tellok eta alde egin behar izan zuen, Juan de Pareda kalonjea ordezkari utzita. Conhecido em português como Frei Bartolomeu de las Casas (em espanhol: Fray Bartolomé de las Casas), [1] era filho de um modesto comerciante de Tarifa, na Andaluzia.Participou da segunda viagem de Cristóvão Colombo.Havia feito estudos de latim e de humanidades em Salamanca.Partiu para a ilha de Hispaniola ou La Española na expedição de Nicolás de Ovando, em … Bartolomé de las Casas (24. elokuuta 1484 Sevilla – 17. heinäkuuta 1566 Madrid) oli espanjalainen piispa ja teologi.Hän oli Chiapasin ensimmäinen piispa. Hona hemen paragrafo bat: Beste behin, tirano hori Cota delako herrira joan zen, indiarren jabe egin eta txakurrei hamabost-hogei jaun eta nagusi txikiarazi [jateko eman] zizkien. Hirian, Mexiko, Tlascala, Guatemala, Michoacan eta Oaxacako gotzainak zeuden Gotzainen Batzarrean sartu zen. [29] In the winter of 1515, King Ferdinand lay ill in Plasencia, but Las Casas was able to get a letter of introduction to the king from the Archbishop of Seville, Diego de Deza. Las Casas worked hard to convince the emperor that it would be a bad economic decision, that it would return the viceroyalty to the brink of open rebellion, and could result in the Crown losing the colony entirely. San Esteban komentuan apaiza zen senide bat zuen. Las Casas committed himself to producing 15,000 ducats of annual revenue, increasing to 60,000 after ten years, and to erecting three Christian towns of at least 40 settlers each. Horretarako, beren etorrera ospatu zuten eta aginduak beharrezkoak zirela sinetsarazi zieten, bestela indiarrak matxinatu egingo zirela eta, gainera, ohitura zaharkituak zituztela. [47] There he continued his theological studies, being particularly attracted to Thomist philosophy, and there is little information about his activities in the following ten years. [17][18], In September 1510, a group of Dominican friars arrived in Santo Domingo led by Pedro de Córdoba; appalled by the injustices they saw committed by the slaveowners against the Indians, they decided to deny slave owners the right to confession. Veracruzetik bota ondoren Las Casasek gutun luze bat idatzi zion erakunde horri. 1521eko urtarrilaren 10ean iritsi ziren Puerto Ricora. Aldi berean, Amerikaren kolonizazioaren alderdi asko kritikatu zituen, eta, horien artean, enkomienda sistema. Itzuleran Francisco de Soto, frai Dionisio frantziskotarra eta Artieda artileroa hil zituzten. [65][66] At the meeting, probably after lengthy reflection, and realizing that the New Laws were lost in Mexico, Las Casas presented a moderated view on the problems of confession and restitution of property, Archbishop Juan de Zumárraga of Mexico and Bishop Julián Garcés of Puebla agreed completely with his new moderate stance, Bishop Vasco de Quiroga of Michoacán had minor reservations, and Bishops Francisco Marroquín of Guatemala and Juan Lopez de Zárate of Oaxaca did not object. His widely disseminated 'History of the Indies' helped to establish the Black Legend of Spanish cruelty. The bread of the needy is the life of the poor; whoever deprives them of it is a man of blood." Bertako agure batek adierazi zuenez, gizon batek gizateria salbatu zuen, pertsonak eta animaliak kutxa batean sartuz. [51] As a direct result of the debates between the Dominicans and Franciscans and spurred on by Las Casas's treatise, Pope Paul III promulgated the Bull "Sublimis Deus," which stated that the Indians were rational beings and should be brought peacefully to the faith as such.[52]. Agindu horrek Bartolome de Las Casasi bere indiarraren zerbitzua kendu zion. San Juan de Uluan lehorreratu zen eta, ondoren, Mexiko Hirira joan zen eta komentu domingotar batean ostatu hartu zuen. Bartolomé de Las Casas, (1484–1566), Mitglied des Dominikanerordens und Jurist in den spanischen Kolonien in Amerika; Bartolomé de Las Casas (Film), österreichischer Fernsehfilm von Michael Kehlmann (1992) Bartolomé de las Casas (Formosa), Ort in Argentinien Bartolomé de las Casas (Mexiko), Ort im Municipio La Grandeza, Mexiko The Viceroy of New Spain, himself an encomendero, decided not to implement the laws in his domain, and instead sent a party to Spain to argue against the laws on behalf of the encomenderos. The Franciscans used a method of mass conversion, sometimes baptizing many thousands of Indians in a day. These congregated a group of Christian Indians in the location of what is now the town of Rabinal. Las Casas Plasenciara joan zen, une hartan gortea zegoen tokira. Fernando Katolikoa erregearekin hitz egiteko aholkatu zion eta gomendiozko gutun bat eman. Las Casas was resolved to see Prince Charles who resided in Flanders, but on his way there he passed Madrid and delivered to the regents a written account of the situation in the Indies and his proposed remedies. The first edition in translation was published in Dutch in 1578, during the religious persecution of Dutch Protestants by the Spanish crown, followed by editions in French (1578), English (1583), and German (1599) – all countries where religious wars were raging. Konkistatzaile eta enkomendariek aurkitu ez zuten lurralde batean kolonizazio baketsua lortzeko saiakera zen. Armarik gabeko jendea erasotzeko metodoak ez ziren Enriqueren gustukoak, baina espainiarrenganako zegoen gorrotoa hain zen handia, ezen zaila zen kontrolatzea. [99] Menéndez Pelayo also accused Las Casas of having been instrumental in suppressing the publication of Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda's "Democrates Alter" (also called Democrates Secundus) out of spite, but other historians find that to be unlikely since it was rejected by the theologians of both Alcalá and Salamanca, who were unlikely to be influenced by Las Casas. Ukończył prawo na uniwersytecie w Salamance.Jego ojciec, Francisco Casaus lub Casas, towarzyszył Kolumbowi w jego drugiej wyprawie do Ameryki w 1493. Horregatik, indigenen defendatzaile nagusitzat hartzen da, eta hispaniar "Indietako indiar guztien prokuradore edo defendatzaile unibertsal" izendatua izan zen. In 1555 his old Franciscan adversary Toribio de Benavente Motolinia wrote a letter in which he described Las Casas as an ignorant, arrogant troublemaker. Gunst, Laurie. [70], To settle the issues, a formal debate was organized, the famous Valladolid debate, which took place in 1550–51 with Sepúlveda and Las Casas each presenting their arguments in front of a council of jurists and theologians. The king also promised not to give any encomienda grants in Las Casas's area. Ocampok Las Casasen dokumentuen baliozkotasuna egiaztatu zuen, baina kasurik ez egitea erabaki zuen. Pazko meza batean, Sancti Spiritusen zegoela, sermoi bat eman zuen, indiarrekiko tratu txarrak gaitzetsiz. Bere lorpena Erregeari aurkezteko Badalonara egin zuen ibilbidean, Kolon, 1493ko martxoan Sevillatik pasa zen bere txori eta zazpi indiarrekin, eta San Nikolas elizaren inguruan erakutsi zituen. Unlike some other priests who sought to destroy the indigenous peoples' native books and writings, he strictly opposed this action. Esaiezue, zer eskubide eta zuzenbidez dauzkazue indiar hauek hain morrontza krudel eta izugarrian?
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